Copper(I) cyanide
Copper(I) cyanide
CAS: 544-92-3
Molecular Formula: CCuN
Copper(I) cyanide - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Copper(I) cyanide |
| Synonyms | CUPRICIN ai3-28745 COPPER CYANIDE Copper cyanide CopperIcyanide CUPROUS CYANIDE Cuprous cyanide COPPER(+1)CYANIDE Copper(I) cyanide COPPER(I) CYANIDE copper(1+) cyanide (cyano-kappaC)copper coppercyanide(cu(cn)) Copper cyanide (Cu(CN)) |
| CAS | 544-92-3 |
| EINECS | 208-883-6 |
| InChI | InChI=1/CN.Cu/c1-2;/rCCuN/c2-1-3 |
Copper(I) cyanide - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | CCuN |
| Molar Mass | 89.56 |
| Density | 2.92g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | 474°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | decomposes [STR93] |
| Water Solubility | Practically insoluble in water and alcohol. Soluble in ammonium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, pyridine and N-methylpyrrolidone. |
| Vapor Presure | 0Pa at 25℃ |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Specific Gravity | 2.92 |
| Color | White-beige to greenish |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 1 mg Cu/m3 (ACGIH). |
| Solubility Product Constant(Ksp) | pKsp: 19.46 |
| Merck | 14,2661 |
| BRN | 3587244 |
| Storage Condition | Poison room |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with acids, bases, magnesium. Reacts violently with oxidizing agents, nitrates. Reaction with acid releases highly toxic gas (HCN). |
| Sensitive | air sensitive |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Properties white monoclinic crystalline powder. melting point 473 ℃ (in nitrogen) relative density 2.92 solubility insoluble in water and cold dilute acid, soluble in ammonia, ammonium salt solution and concentrated hydrochloric acid. Soluble in sodium cyanide, ammonium cyanide, potassium cyanide generated copper cyanide complex. |
| Use | Used in electroplating, medicine, purification of molten metal, insecticide and antifouling coatings |
Copper(I) cyanide - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R26/27/28 - Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R32 - Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. |
| Safety Description | S7 - Keep container tightly closed. S28 - After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. S29 - Do not empty into drains. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S28A - |
| UN IDs | UN 1587 6.1/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | GL7150000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 10-23 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2837 19 00 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | II |
Copper(I) cyanide - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Sodium carbonate Copper Copper(II) sulfate Sodium cyanide Sodium sulfite |
| Downstream Products | 4'-Hydroxy-4-biphenylcarbonitrile |
Copper(I) cyanide - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
white or slightly green or cyan powder. Relative density 2. 92; Melting point 474 ℃. Soluble in ammonia, sodium cyanide and concentrated hydrochloric acid, insoluble in water and cold dilute acid, in boiling dilute hydrochloric acid decomposition into cuprous chloride and hydrogen cyanide. Soluble in sodium cyanide, ammonia cyanide, potassium cyanide generated copper cyanide complex. Cuprous cyanide does not burn, but the presence of moist air or acids results in the formation of highly toxic hydrogen cyanide gas. With nitrate, nitrite, chlorate reaction, there is a risk of explosion.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
Copper(I) cyanide - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
from the reaction of sodium sulfite, copper sulfate and sodium cyanide.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
Copper(I) cyanide - Application
Open Data Verified Data
cyanide copper plating in electroplating industry is used as the main salt, and the solution can also be used as a supplementary source of copper ions when the solution is abnormal. The crystallization of the cyanide copper plating layer is fine, and the plating ability of the solution is good, which can be directly plated on the steel parts, and the bonding force is good. It is also used in the synthesis of anti-tuberculosis drugs in the pharmaceutical industry and in the preparation of various antifouling coatings.
Last Update：2025-08-19 16:24:40
Copper(I) cyanide - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
cuprous cyanide is a drug. The toxicity is similar to that of hydrocyanic acid. Chronic poisoning will appear Head Pain, weight loss, the maximum allowable concentration of 0. 5mg · m_3. Sealed storage in a dry, ventilated warehouse. It should not be stored and mixed with acids, potassium chlorate, sodium nitrite and other oxidants and edible articles. Staff should be protected to prevent the inhalation of powder. In case of fire, it can be suppressed by sand.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
Copper(I) cyanide - Reference Information
| LogP | -1.49 at 25℃ |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | dissolved grams per 100ml of water: 1.602 × 10-9/20 ℃ |
| Toxicity | Toxicity is similar to hydrocyanic acid. Chronic poisoning can cause headache, weight loss, sexual function and libido disorders, autonomic neurasthenia, anemia, leukopenia, amino-converting enzyme levels and cyanide hemoglobin levels. The maximum allowable concentration is 0.5mg/m3. See "Hydrocyanic Acid" for emergency treatment ". When poisoning is caused by swallowing dust, wash the stomach with 3% hydrogen peroxide or 0.2% potassium permanganate solution, and give a tablespoon of ferrous sulfate and calcined magnesium oxygen emulsion every 15min. Pay attention to protect the skin during work. Before work, apply 20 parts of ammonia water, 100 parts of glycerin, 50 parts of alcohol, 5 parts of boric acid and 25 parts of water to the skin of hands. After work, use 0.2% potassium permanganate solution or 2% hydrogen peroxide to wash hands. |
| uses | mainly used for electroplating copper and its alloys, used as raw materials for anti-tuberculosis drugs and other drugs in medicine, and can also be used for manufacturing pesticides, anti-fouling coatings, etc. used as catalyst this product is used as complexing agent in cyanide copper plating plating solution, the plating solution has good dispersibility and coverage, the plating layer has fine crystallization, and the plating is alkaline, there's some decontamination. For steel products and zinc products and other substrate metal direct electroplating copper layer can obtain a good bonding coating. Its disadvantage is that the plating solution is highly toxic, and copper plating with this solution must be treated with three wastes to protect the environment and reduce public hazards. Used for electroplating copper and its alloys. Medicine is used as a raw material for anti-tuberculosis drugs and other drugs. It can also be used to make pesticides and other chemicals. Used to purify molten metal and make antifouling coatings, etc. Used for electroplating, medicine, purification of molten metal, preparation of pesticides and antifouling coatings Electroplating of copper or iron, insecticidal and sterilizing agents, polymerization catalysts. |
| production method | copper sulfate method dissolves sodium cyanide and sodium carbonate into a solution containing 130g/L sodium cyanide and 60g/L sodium carbonate in a dissolution tank at 30~40 ℃, adding a small amount of sodium hydroxide to absorb trace hydrogen cyanide gas generated during hydrolysis of sodium cyanide, the Fe2 +, Fe3, Ca2 +, Mg2 + ions are precipitated to generate hydroxide, and the qualified clear liquid is separated after 16h of sedimentation for reaction. Dissolve copper sulfate with water at 30~40 ℃, add 15% ~ 20% sodium carbonate solution, adjust Ph to 5~5.3, add 10% sodium hypochlorite to oxidize Fe2 + to Fe3 +, prepare a solution containing 280g/L copper sulfate, settle for 48h, and separate the clear solution containing Fe<20 × 10-6 for reaction. Dissolve sodium sulfite and sodium carbonate with water at 30~35 ℃ into a solution containing 150g/L sodium sulfite and 40g/L sodium carbonate, and then add a small amount of sodium hydroxide to make. Fe2 +, Ca2 +, Mg2 + ions generate hydroxide precipitation, which is deposited for 16 h, and the clear liquid containing Fe<10 × 10-6 is separated for reaction. The above-mentioned prepared copper sulfate, sodium sulfite and sodium carbonate solution, under stirring, react to generate a double salt paste precipitate of copper sulfite and cuprous sulfite, and then react sodium cyanide with sodium carbonate solution to generate white Cuprous cyanide. The sulfuric acid generated by the reaction is neutralized by sodium carbonate, and dilute sulfuric acid is added to adjust the Ph value to 1~2, so that the precipitated Fe becomes soluble Fe2, which is washed off during rinsing, and CO32-becomes CO2 gas and is released. After the reaction, the material is rinsed with water to remove sodium sulfate, and then centrifuged and dried in vacuum to obtain the finished product of cuprous cyanide. Its 6CuSO4+6Na2SO3 + 2H2O → 2CuSO3 · Cu2SO3 ↓ +6Na2SO4+2 H2SO42CuSO3 · Cu2SO3 + 6NaCN + H2O → 6CuCN ↓ +3Na2SO3 + H2SO4H2S04 + Na2CO3 → Na2SO4 + C02 ↑ H2O The production methods of cuprous cyanide include sodium sulfite method, sodium sulfite circulation method and cuprous chloride method. Changcai sodium sulfite circulation method, which has the advantages of stable operation, convenient control, and can save sodium sulfite raw materials. The process flow is as follows. This method requires high iron content in raw materials. In addition to ensuring the purity of industrial raw materials, the iron content of copper sulfate is less than 0.05%, the iron content of sodium carbonate is less than or equal to 0.005, the iron content of sodium cyanide is less than or equal to 0.005, and the iron content of carbonic acid and sulfuric acid is less than or equal to 0.001%. Therefore, the iron content of the raw materials should be treated before the synthesis of cuprous cyanide. Preparation and Treatment of Sodium Cyanide Solution In the dissolution tank, sodium cyanide and sodium carbonate are dissolved with water to prepare sodium cyanide 130g/L and sodium carbonate 60g/L. A small amount of sodium hydroxide is added to absorb trace hydrogen cyanide generated during hydrolysis of sodium cyanide. At this time, Fe3 + forms Fe(OH)3 precipitation, which is transferred to the settling tank for 16 h. After passing the inspection, the supernatant is driven into the high-level tank for standby. Preparation and Treatment of Copper Sulfate Solution After dissolving copper sulfate with water, adjust the pH value to 5~5.3 with 10% sodium carbonate solution, then oxidize Fe2 + to Fe3 + with sodium hypochlorite (10%) solution, dilute with water to 280g/L copper sulfate, transfer to settling tank and stand for 48 h, and the clarification solution is qualified for later use. Preparation and Treatment of Sodium Sulfite Solution Dissolve sodium sulfite and sodium carbonate with water in a dissolution tank to prepare a solution containing 150g/L of sodium sulfite and 40g/L of sodium carbonate. Then add a little caustic soda to precipitate iron ions. Settle in the sedimentation tank for 16 h. After the supernatant passes the test, it is pumped into the high-level tank for standby. Synthesis of cuprous cyanide The prepared copper sulfate and sodium sulfite solution are measured from a high-level tank into a reaction kettle, and copper sulfite and cuprous sulfite double salt paste precipitate are generated under continuous stirring. Then the sodium cyanide solution is measured and released from the high-level tank, and the by-product sulfuric acid is neutralized by sodium carbonate. After the reaction is fully stirred, the pH value is adjusted to 1~2 with dilute sulfuric acid. Float and wash with water to remove FeSO4,Na2SO4 and other impurities. The crystallization is put into a vacuum dryer and vacuum dried to obtain the finished product. |
| category | toxic substances |
| toxicity classification | highly toxic |
| acute toxicity | oral-rat LD: 500 mg/kg |
| flammability hazard characteristics | non-combustible substances; toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas released by acid |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying; Store separately from alkalis, acids and food additives |
| occupational standard | TLA-TWA 1 mg (copper)/m3; STEL 2 mg (copper)/m3 |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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